diff --git a/web-panel/app.vue b/web-panel/app.vue
index e4ce5c4..f9ce952 100644
--- a/web-panel/app.vue
+++ b/web-panel/app.vue
@@ -4,10 +4,32 @@
       <NuxtPage />
     </NuxtLayout>
     <template #error="{ error, clearError }">
-      <div style="padding: 32px; max-width: 640px">
-        <Message severity="error">No se pudo cargar el panel</Message>
-        <pre class="muted" style="white-space: pre-wrap">{{ error }}</pre>
-        <Button label="Reintentar" icon="pi pi-refresh" class="mt-3" @click="clearError" />
+      <div class="crash-shell">
+        <Card class="crash-card">
+          <template #title>
+            <div class="crash-title">
+              <i class="pi pi-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true" />
+              <span>¡Oops! Algo falló</span>
+            </div>
+          </template>
+          <template #content>
+            <p class="crash-lead">
+              No pudimos cargar esta pantalla. Puede ser un problema temporal, de conexión o de datos del servidor.
+            </p>
+            <div class="crash-meta">
+              <Tag :value="crashCode(error)" severity="danger" />
+              <span class="crash-reason">{{ crashSummary(error) }}</span>
+            </div>
+            <details v-if="crashDetail(error)" class="crash-details">
+              <summary>Detalle técnico</summary>
+              <pre>{{ crashDetail(error) }}</pre>
+            </details>
+            <div class="crash-actions">
+              <Button label="Reintentar" icon="pi pi-refresh" @click="clearError" />
+              <Button label="Ir al inicio" icon="pi pi-home" severity="secondary" outlined @click="goHome(clearError)" />
+            </div>
+          </template>
+        </Card>
       </div>
     </template>
   </NuxtErrorBoundary>
@@ -16,3 +38,37 @@
     <ConfirmDialog />
   </ClientOnly>
 </template>
+
+<script setup lang="ts">
+function crashCode(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error && typeof error === "object") {
+    const row = error as Record<string, unknown>;
+    if (typeof row.code === "string" && row.code.trim()) return row.code;
+    if (typeof row.statusCode === "number") return `HTTP_${row.statusCode}`;
+  }
+  if (error instanceof Error && error.name) return error.name;
+  return "PANEL_RENDER_ERROR";
+}
+
+function crashSummary(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof Error) return error.message;
+  if (typeof error === "string") return error;
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(error);
+  } catch {
+    return "Error desconocido al renderizar la pantalla.";
+  }
+}
+
+function crashDetail(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof Error && error.stack) return error.stack;
+  if (error instanceof Error) return error.message;
+  if (typeof error === "string") return error;
+  return "";
+}
+
+async function goHome(clearError: () => void) {
+  clearError();
+  await navigateTo("/");
+}
+</script>
diff --git a/web-panel/assets/css/app.css b/web-panel/assets/css/app.css
index fd93069..b52c61f 100644
--- a/web-panel/assets/css/app.css
+++ b/web-panel/assets/css/app.css
@@ -367,3 +367,68 @@ html, body, #__nuxt {
   }
   .dash-span-2 { grid-column: auto; }
 }
+
+.crash-shell {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 24px;
+  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eef1f4 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
+}
+.crash-card {
+  width: min(560px, 100%);
+  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(15, 39, 68, 0.12);
+}
+.crash-title {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  font-size: 1.25rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: #0f2744;
+}
+.crash-title .pi {
+  color: #a20000;
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+}
+.crash-lead {
+  margin: 0 0 16px;
+  color: #4b5563;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+}
+.crash-meta {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+}
+.crash-reason {
+  color: #1c2430;
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+}
+.crash-details {
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+  border: 1px solid #d5dde6;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: #f8fafc;
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+}
+.crash-details summary {
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: #0f2744;
+}
+.crash-details pre {
+  margin: 10px 0 0;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: #334155;
+}
+.crash-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
diff --git a/web-panel/composables/api-response.ts b/web-panel/composables/api-response.ts
index 0df0070..786c95e 100644
--- a/web-panel/composables/api-response.ts
+++ b/web-panel/composables/api-response.ts
@@ -41,11 +41,31 @@ export function isApiEnvelope(value: unknown): value is {
   status?: number;
   layer: string;
   message: string;
+  data?: unknown;
 } {
   return !!value && typeof value === "object"
     && "ok" in value && "message" in value && "layer" in value;
 }
 
+/** Normaliza respuestas RPC `{ ok, data, message }` al shape plano que esperan las pantallas. */
+export function unwrapApiPayload<T>(body: unknown): T {
+  if (!isApiEnvelope(body)) return body as T;
+  const env = body;
+  const data = env.data;
+  const spread = data && typeof data === "object" && !Array.isArray(data)
+    ? data as Record<string, unknown>
+    : {};
+  return {
+    ...spread,
+    data,
+    ok: env.ok,
+    code: env.code,
+    message: env.message,
+    status: env.status,
+    layer: env.layer,
+  } as T;
+}
+
 /** Muestra el mensaje detallado de la API o front sin reescribirlo. */
 export function displayErrorMessage(value: unknown, fallback = "Ocurrió un error"): string {
   if (isApiEnvelope(value)) return value.message;
diff --git a/web-panel/composables/useApi.ts b/web-panel/composables/useApi.ts
index 751d6b1..0b46375 100644
--- a/web-panel/composables/useApi.ts
+++ b/web-panel/composables/useApi.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { displayErrorMessage, isApiEnvelope, unwrapApiPayload } from "./api-response.ts";
+
 export function useApi() {
   async function api<T>(path: string, opts: RequestInit & { json?: unknown } = {}): Promise<T> {
     const headers = new Headers(opts.headers);
@@ -8,12 +10,17 @@ export function useApi() {
       credentials: "include",
       body: opts.json !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(opts.json) : opts.body,
     });
-    if (!res.ok) {
-      const err = await res.json().catch(() => ({ error: res.statusText }));
-      throw Object.assign(new Error(err.error || "Error"), { status: res.status, data: err });
-    }
     const ct = res.headers.get("content-type") || "";
-    if (ct.includes("application/json")) return await res.json() as T;
+    const isJson = ct.includes("application/json");
+    const raw = isJson ? await res.json().catch(() => ({})) : null;
+    if (!res.ok) {
+      const errBody = isApiEnvelope(raw) ? raw : (raw as { error?: string } | null);
+      throw Object.assign(
+        new Error(displayErrorMessage(errBody, res.statusText)),
+        { status: res.status, data: errBody },
+      );
+    }
+    if (isJson) return unwrapApiPayload<T>(raw);
     return (await res.blob()) as T;
   }
   async function download(path: string, filename: string) {
diff --git a/web-panel/pages/index.vue b/web-panel/pages/index.vue
index f77eb16..c80d6bf 100644
--- a/web-panel/pages/index.vue
+++ b/web-panel/pages/index.vue
@@ -178,13 +178,13 @@ const stats = ref([
 ]);
 
 const listedReady = computed(() =>
-  workers.value
+  (workers.value ?? [])
     .filter((w) => w.pipeline_status === "listo_gafete")
     .filter((w) => matches(w.first_name, w.last_name_p, w.last_name_m, w.middle_name, w.position, w.risk_code)),
 );
 
 const activos = computed(() =>
-  workers.value.filter((w) => w.status === "activo" && w.pipeline_status !== "baja"),
+  (workers.value ?? []).filter((w) => w.status === "activo" && w.pipeline_status !== "baja"),
 );
 
 const themeKey = computed(() => (isDark.value ? "dark" : "light"));
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ function doughnut(labels: string[], data: number[], colors: string[]): ChartData
 const pipelineChart = computed(() => {
   const order = ["incompleto", "listo_gafete", "impreso", "activo", "baja"];
   const colors = ["#6b7785", "#1c4a7a", "#c9a227", "#008514", "#a20000"];
-  const counts = order.map((key) => workers.value.filter((w) => w.pipeline_status === key).length);
+  const counts = order.map((key) => (workers.value ?? []).filter((w) => w.pipeline_status === key).length);
   return doughnut(order.map((key) => pipelineLabel(key)), counts, colors);
 });
 
@@ -537,39 +537,53 @@ onMounted(async () => {
       },
     ],
   });
-  const [w, p, j, pe] = await Promise.all([
-    api<{ workers: Worker[]; imss_stats?: { imss_ready_count?: number } }>("/v1/workers"),
-    api<{ projects: ProjectRow[] }>("/v1/projects?status=activo,pausado"),
-    api<{ jobs: JobRow[] }>("/v1/badge-jobs"),
-    api<{ weeks: WeekRow[] }>("/v1/payroll/weeks/open"),
-  ]);
-  workers.value = w.workers;
-  projects.value = p.projects;
-  const currentStart = mondayOf(new Date());
-  openWeek.value = pe.weeks.find((week) => week.week_start === currentStart) || pe.weeks[0] || null;
-  const activeList = w.workers.filter((x) => x.status === "activo" && x.pipeline_status !== "baja");
-  const activosN = activeList.length;
-  const listos = w.workers.filter((x) => x.pipeline_status === "listo_gafete").length;
-  const activosProyectos = p.projects.filter((x) => x.status === "activo").length;
-  const loanSaldo = activeList.reduce((sum, row) => sum + Number(row.loan_balance || 0), 0);
-  const sinImssObra = activeList.filter((x) => x.in_project_without_imss).length;
-  stats.value = [
-    { label: "Activos", value: String(activosN), icon: "pi pi-users", bg: "#0f2744", hint: "Alta", severity: "success", to: "/padron" },
-    { label: "Obras", value: String(activosProyectos), icon: "pi pi-building", bg: "#1c4a7a", hint: "Proyectos", severity: "info", to: "/proyectos" },
-    { label: "A pagar (semana)", value: openWeek.value ? money(Number(openWeek.value.payable_net || 0)) : "—", icon: "pi pi-wallet", bg: "#194ca8", hint: "Nómina", severity: "info", to: "/nomina" },
-    { label: "Saldo préstamos", value: money(loanSaldo), icon: "pi pi-replay", bg: "#008514", hint: "Por cobrar", severity: "success", to: "/nomina" },
-    { label: "Listos gafete", value: String(listos), icon: "pi pi-id-card", bg: "#c9a227", hint: "Imprimir", severity: "warn", to: "/gafetes" },
-    { label: "En obra sin IMSS", value: String(sinImssObra), icon: "pi pi-exclamation-triangle", bg: "#a20000", hint: "Prioridad", severity: "danger", to: "/padron" },
-  ];
-  desk.setStatusMessages(
-    buildHomeAlerts({
-      workers: w.workers,
-      projects: p.projects,
-      jobs: j.jobs,
-      weeks: pe.weeks,
-      imssReady: w.imss_stats?.imss_ready_count || 0,
-    }),
-  );
+  try {
+    const [w, p, j, pe] = await Promise.all([
+      api<{ workers?: Worker[]; imss_stats?: { imss_ready_count?: number } }>("/v1/workers"),
+      api<{ projects?: ProjectRow[] }>("/v1/projects?status=activo,pausado"),
+      api<{ jobs?: JobRow[] }>("/v1/badge-jobs"),
+      api<{ weeks?: WeekRow[] }>("/v1/payroll/weeks/open"),
+    ]);
+    const workerRows = w.workers ?? [];
+    const projectRows = p.projects ?? [];
+    const jobRows = j.jobs ?? [];
+    const weekRows = pe.weeks ?? [];
+    workers.value = workerRows;
+    projects.value = projectRows;
+    const currentStart = mondayOf(new Date());
+    openWeek.value = weekRows.find((week) => week.week_start === currentStart) || weekRows[0] || null;
+    const activeList = workerRows.filter((x) => x.status === "activo" && x.pipeline_status !== "baja");
+    const activosN = activeList.length;
+    const listos = workerRows.filter((x) => x.pipeline_status === "listo_gafete").length;
+    const activosProyectos = projectRows.filter((x) => x.status === "activo").length;
+    const loanSaldo = activeList.reduce((sum, row) => sum + Number(row.loan_balance || 0), 0);
+    const sinImssObra = activeList.filter((x) => x.in_project_without_imss).length;
+    stats.value = [
+      { label: "Activos", value: String(activosN), icon: "pi pi-users", bg: "#0f2744", hint: "Alta", severity: "success", to: "/padron" },
+      { label: "Obras", value: String(activosProyectos), icon: "pi pi-building", bg: "#1c4a7a", hint: "Proyectos", severity: "info", to: "/proyectos" },
+      { label: "A pagar (semana)", value: openWeek.value ? money(Number(openWeek.value.payable_net || 0)) : "—", icon: "pi pi-wallet", bg: "#194ca8", hint: "Nómina", severity: "info", to: "/nomina" },
+      { label: "Saldo préstamos", value: money(loanSaldo), icon: "pi pi-replay", bg: "#008514", hint: "Por cobrar", severity: "success", to: "/nomina" },
+      { label: "Listos gafete", value: String(listos), icon: "pi pi-id-card", bg: "#c9a227", hint: "Imprimir", severity: "warn", to: "/gafetes" },
+      { label: "En obra sin IMSS", value: String(sinImssObra), icon: "pi pi-exclamation-triangle", bg: "#a20000", hint: "Prioridad", severity: "danger", to: "/padron" },
+    ];
+    desk.setStatusMessages(
+      buildHomeAlerts({
+        workers: workerRows,
+        projects: projectRows,
+        jobs: jobRows,
+        weeks: weekRows,
+        imssReady: w.imss_stats?.imss_ready_count || 0,
+      }),
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    desk.setStatusMessages([{
+      key: "home_load_error",
+      severity: "danger",
+      title: "No se pudo cargar el tablero",
+      detail: e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Revise la conexión con el servidor.",
+      route: "/",
+    }]);
+  }
 });
 
 onBeforeUnmount(() => {